RESUMO
This paper shows the comparison of the various conventional technologies used for desalination and the advantages of using renewable energy such as solar and geothermal in place of them. The comparative analyses of the various techniques using geothermal and solar have been included. The efficiency, productivity rate, cost, etc. have been compared. Productivity of multi-effect distillation-thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC) is 75-80 m3/h of freshwater. In comparison to other techniques, electricity generation is high in multi-effect distillation-thermal vapor compression (MED-TVC). It has been observed that renewable energy gives the cheapest solution to the water desalination problems. Despite of having many flaws, RO is considered to be one of the efficient technologies for the seawater desalination. The study shows that solar still is relatively cheaper and more efficient than all the other techniques used. The efficiency of the solar still ranges between 22 and 34%, and in the best conditions, the efficiency also reaches 40% producing 5-7 l/m2/day. The knowledge of the various technologies discussed can be studied, and then further study on the renewable desalination technologies can be carried out. In the future, this technology is going to play an important role as many researches are going on in this field. The geothermal future is going to play an important role in energy production. The efficiency of the desalination system using solar and geothermal energy has higher efficiency and productivity rate than other older techniques and which can be further increased by modification in the system.
